These use diaphragms to activate a switch that sends a signal to a power supply or controller to use this input to operate in a safe manner. Hence, by combining several different types of gauge, it is possible to measure system pressure continuously from 10 mbar down to 10. The forces which create these moments are the weight applied to. In this experiment you will investigate the frictional forces inherent in laminar and turbulent pipe flow. Capillary pressure data are required for three main purposes. Purpose the purpose of this investigation is to measure the surface pressure distribution, wake axial velocity profile, and lift and. Utube manometers, bourdon gauge and the pressure transducer used in this experiment to measure the pressure.
Pdf educators and researchers worldwide areusing national. Measurement experiment, using ni usb6008 data acquisition. In particular, the conditions that lead to a fluidised bed can be investigated. So in our experiment also change in pressure because of the weight of the water above and buoyant forces clearly show the properties of water. The water pressure was so high that we add the mass 50 g to 450g even still quadrant was able to support it in static equilibrium. Me 318l wind tunnel experiment wind tunnel measurements. The advantage of the method is that the test plug has at least one representative fluid in place, i. Pdf a labscale experiment approach to the measurement of. The flow rate measurement system should also be able to provide a maximum air mass flow rate measurement of o. The pressure which blood exerts on the arterial walls while the heart is relaxed in between beats the minimum pressure achieved. Utube is the most simple instrument to measure the pressure.
We also use atmospherevacuum switches as safety interlocks on each process chamber. They see the working mechanism, calibrate the gauge and compare theoretical results to experiment results. Water enters the apparatus through the lower lefthand end and flows horizontally through a sudden enlargement into a transparent venturi. Pdf stability of the pressure measuring instruments over the years is one of the important parameters. Many engineering applications use the bourdon gauge. Each of these properties was found by analyzing the pressure. Pressure measurement is the analysis of an applied force by a fluid liquid or gas on a surface. Tecquipment launches the variable speed series and parallel pumps. Then you will know the space taken up by 1 ounces of air. Stressstrain relationships now that we have defined stress and strain, we need to explore the. Airfoil lift measurement by surface pressure distribution lab 2 mae 424 evan coleman april 29, 20 spring 20 dr. In this lab, we will be referring to systemic arterial blood pressure, which is the pressure. Finally, the results are interpreted to elucidate the effects of the magnitude of the reynolds number on pressure. Object the purpose of this experiment is to study some of the famous instruments used in flow measurements.
By measuring the pressure drop and flow rate through a pipe, an estimate of the coefficient of friction friction factor will be obtained. Practical strain gage measurements element will have its sides parallel to the principal axes. Blood pressure and exercise lab rob macleod, brian birchler, and brett burton march 26, 2012 1 purpose and background purpose. Atmospheric pressure in lowcost demonstrations and. T h e o r y measurement of displacement differential transformers on a variable inductance principle, are also used to measu re displacement. Tecquipments pressure measurement bench enables students to fully. An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much. This is the orientation that gives the maximum and minimum normal stresses on the point of interest. A pressure sensor gauges measures pressure, typically of gases or liquids. The principle behind cold cathode version is the same, except that electrons are produced in the discharge of a high voltage. The absolute pressure pabs is measured relative to the absolute zero pressure the pressure that would occur at absolute vacuum. Dewpoint temperature is the air temperature at which the moist air saturates respect to water at a given pressure. Their first experiment simply determines the internal pressure in the soda can by measuring the change in strain in the soda can as it is opened 1. Pressure measurement using utube manometer a well known very simple device used to measure the pressure is the utube manometer.
The unit can be used in higher education in the fluid mechanics and process technology areas. Measurement of pressure distribution and forces acting on an airfoil s. The average speed of these molecules increases with increasing temperature. To be able to measure the pressure it was required that a dead weight tester was used with a bourdon pressure gauge, which in turn moved blue liquid up and down a u tube manometer, one was vertical and the other. The manometric liquids is usually water, mercury or alcohol. Tecquipments calibration of a pressure gauge experiment allows students to study bourdon tube theory. Sal explains the difference between liquids and gasses both fluids. The measurement, instrumentation and sensors handbook kelm. He then starts a calculation of the work done on a liquid in a ushaped container. Measurements group, a division of vishay, manufactures strain gages and has published a series of experiments using strain gages on soda cans. Using the ce 220 fluidised bed formation unit, investigations can be performed on solid and fluidised masses of fine granular solid matter. Since almost all pressure sensors measure a pressure difference, we need to distinguish between absolute and gauge pressures. Measuring range usually from 0 to mm column of liquid.
And because of the relation between inch and mm 1 inch 25. Pressure measurement by utube manometer pressure and. It also includes information processing systems, automatic data acquisition. The most popular variable inductance transducer for linear displacement measurement is the linear variable differential transformer lvdt. This air pressure is greater than the pressure of water. Measurement of pressure distribution and forces acting on. Pdf estimation of error in bourdon type pressure gauge using.
Let me explain you about the construction about the umanometer. Saturation vapor pressure is the vapor pressure that is in a thermodynamic equilibrium with the surface of water or ice, expressed in hpa. Ce 220 fluidised bed formation university of florida. To measure low pressure, the manometers one and twoarmed are used. Pressure gas and liquid molecules are in constant, random motion called brownian motion. The flow measuring apparatus is used to familiarize the students with typical methods of flow measurement of an incompressible fluid and, at the same time demonstrate applications of the bernoullis equation. It is a widely used device for measurement of fluid pressure under steady state and laboratory conditions. The entire pressure measurement system is constituted by a primary element, which will be in direct or indirect contact with the process where the pressure changes occur, and a secondary element the pressure transmitter whose task will be translating the change in measurable values for use in indication, monitoring and control. Pressure measurements obtained from the patients were matched to tissue thickness measurements from mri and ultrasound scans. Realtime control for robotic hand application based on pressure sensor measurement. Imbibition measurements are not generally attempted. Using wind tunnel tests to study pressure distributions.
In this experiment, the hydrostatic force and center of pressure acting on a vertical surface will be determined by increasing the water depth in the apparatus water tank and by reaching an equilibrium condition between the moments acting on the balance arm of the test apparatus. Pressure sensors measure the deflection of a diaphragm or membrane that is acted on by a force and convert the amount of deflection into an electronic signal. In order to improve the resolution on very lowpressure manometers. Then, experiments carried out by students in the wind tunnel are described.
Students were able to apply their knowledge and to actually. Pressure and fluid statics this chapter deals with forces applied by fluids at rest or in rigidbody motion. Pressure measurement pressure is a force per unit area exerted by a fluid perpendicular to a boundary as opposed to shear stress, which is exerted parallel to the boundary. This paper is a lab report for pressure related experiments performed in the rwth ltt lehrstuhl fur technische thermodynamik labs in aachen. How to measure pressure with pressure sensors national. Procedure experiment setup when performing the blood pressure measurements, it is best to work with a partner. Calculate the coefficient of discharge from experimental data for a venturi meter. Keywords boardan type pressure gauge, dead weight tester, absolute error.
Top ten air pressure experiments to mystify your kids. Pressure measurement by utube manometer video lecture from pressure and pressure measurement chapter of fluid mechanics subject for all students. The apparatus is a bourdon gauge connected to a dead weight tester. Begg 3 and yufridin wahab 4 1 school of engineering and science, victoria university, melbourne, vic 3032, australia. The word stems from the latin adjective vacuus for vacant or void. Abstract the purpose of this experiment was to understand and demonstrate different ways of measuring pressure and to be able to check the calibration of the bourdon pressure gauge. All calculations involving the gas law requires pressure and temperature to be in absolute units. Pdf characterization of quartz bourdontype highpressure transducers. Those experiments allow students to develop their creativity by making modifications in order to make the experiment more precise. To learn about external means to measure blood pressure, observe features of venous circulation, and observe the e ects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram ecg. A manometer is an instrument that uses a column of liquid to measure pressure, although the term is often used nowadays to mean any pressure measuring instrument. Abstract the purpose of this experiment was to determine the lift coe cient, leading edge moment coe cient and center of pressure of a naca 0012 airfoil. All calculations involving the gas law requires pressure and.
Pdf measurement experiment, using ni usb6008 data acquisition. The fluid property responsible for those forces is pressure, which is a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area. Pressure its units of measure and pressure references. Manometers and bourdon gauges are fundamental pressuremeasuring devices. Its the same force you feel on your skin whether youre on the floor, under the bed or in the shower. Instruments used to measure pressure are called pressure gauges or vacuum gauges. This experiment will demonstrate how measurements of blood pressure depend on the level relative to the heart. Pdf direct measurement of the wall pressure loading subjected to the near. Two different flow situations will be studied, laminar flow. This technical note is a summary reference on the nature of pressure, some common units of measure and pressure references.
Experimental study of aero foil with wind tunnel setup. Utube manometer is shown below, construction of utube manometer. Airfoil lift measurement by surface pressure distribution. This system is based on a longstroke air bearing shaker, and on a data acquisition board. Top ten air pressure experiments to mystify your kids by aurora lipper, supercharged science theres air surrounding us everywhere, all at the same pressure of 14. Calibration of a pressure gauge pressure measurement. Pressure measurement 11 depends on the pressure in the gauge. Pdf experimental study of aero foil with wind tunnel setup.